Is ADHD Genetic or Caused by Trauma? Let’s Break It Down for Families

I know how confusing this can be because, like many parents, I’ve been there too. The good news is that scientists have done a lot of research to help us understand ADHD better.  

 

So, let’s break it down in a simple way and focus on what we do know: ADHD is genetic, but your child’s environment plays an important role in how those symptoms show up. 

 

Well, it’s true that there isn’t just one gene that causes ADHD. That’s because ADHD is what scientists call polygenic, which means it’s linked to a combination of many genes—not just one. So far, scientists have found at least 27 different genes related to ADHD. Each of these genes plays a small role, but together, they make it more likely for someone to have ADHD. 

 

So, while there’s no single “ADHD gene,” ADHD is definitely genetic. 

 

Here’s where it gets interesting. ADHD is mainly genetic, but your environment can affect your symptoms. Think of it like this: 

 

Genetics determine whether you have ADHD, it’s like a switch that’s either on or off. 

The environment controls the volume, making symptoms louder or quieter. 

For example, some environmental factors, like lack of sleep, high stress, or poor nutrition can make ADHD symptoms worse. On the other hand, positive environments, like a structured routine, regular exercise, and good support can help reduce symptoms. 

 

Many people believe trauma can cause ADHD. That’s not true. Studies show that trauma doesn’t increase the chance of someone being diagnosed with ADHD. However, if a child with ADHD experiences trauma, it can make their symptoms more severe. 

 

It’s also true that children with ADHD are more likely to experience trauma. This can be because of difficulties with impulsivity, emotional regulation, or being misunderstood, which sometimes puts them in tough situations. 

 

Scientists use something called heritability to measure how much genetics influence a trait. ADHD has a heritability rate of 75% to 80%, which means it’s highly genetic. To compare: 

 

Eye color also has a heritability rate of 80%. 

IQ (intelligence) has a heritability rate of around 50%. 

But even traits like eye color are influenced a little by the environment. For example, your eyes might get lighter or darker in different lighting or as you age. ADHD works the same way, the core traits are genetic, but the environment can affect how strongly they show up. 

 

The idea that “no one has found a single ADHD gene” doesn’t mean ADHD isn’t genetic. It just means ADHD is complex and linked to many genes—not just one. Saying ADHD isn’t genetic is a big oversimplification, and it’s important for parents to have the facts. 

 

Remember: Your child’s environment can either help reduce ADHD symptoms or make them worse, but their DNA is what determines whether they have ADHD in the first place.